Jody Williams 談世界和平的真實景象

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講者：Jody Williams
2010年12月演講，2011年1月在TEDWomen上線
MyOOPS開放式課程
翻譯：洪曉慧
編輯：劉契良
簡繁轉換：趙弘
後製：洪曉慧
字幕影片後制：謝旻均
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Jody Williams 談世界和平的真實景象
我其實是來這裡給人們一個挑戰。我知道人們已面對很多挑戰，我要提出的挑戰是，該是我們重申和平真正意義的時候了。和平不是唱「主，請與我們同在」，不是鴿子和彩虹，雖然它們很可愛。當我看到彩虹和鴿子這些象徵，我想到的是個人的平靜，我想到的是冥想，我不會聯想到我所認為的和平。那是長遠的和平、正義與平等，它是一種可持續的和平，可使地球上大多數人獲得足夠資源，過著有尊嚴的生活；可使這些人足以獲得教育機會和醫療保健，使他們生活能夠免於匱乏、免於恐懼，這就是所謂的人身安全。我不是個全然的和平主義者，像我一些強力堅持非暴力主義的朋友，像Mairead McGuire。我瞭解人類是那麼糟糕，這麼說算客氣的。因為我答應過媽媽，不在公共場合說髒話，我得努力不懈的嘗試，媽媽，我真的努力了。
我們需要一些員警，我們需要一些軍隊，但用於防禦。我們需要重新定義，在這個世界上，是什麼保有我們的安全。不是使我們國家全面武裝，不是使其他國家全面武裝，用我們生產的武器，由我們賣給他們，而是更合理地使用這些錢，使世界各國安全，使世界上的人類安全。我思考國會最近進行的議題，總統提供84億美元預算，設法通過戰略武器裁減條約（START）投票。我當然支持START條約，但他提供840億美元使核武器現代化。你知道聯合國提出的千禧年發展計畫預算是800億美元嗎？就這麼點錢。對我來說，我希望它存在我的銀行戶頭中，但並非如此。從全球需求來看，這只是一點點錢，但這將用來現代化我們不需要、甚至一輩子也甩不掉的核子武器。除非我們站起身，採取行動去實現；除非我們開始相信，我們在過去這兩天聽到的所有演講內容，是使人類得以安全不可或缺的元素集合。像是拯救老虎、停止原油污染海沙、獲得能夠真正偵測癌症的醫療設備。就是這些東西，要把我們的錢花在這些事情上。這與行動有關。
我幾個星期前去廣島，還有達賴喇嘛。我們坐在這城市千萬人面前，大約有八位諾貝爾獎得主出席。他是個調皮傢伙，像個教堂裡的調皮孩子。我們看著人群，等著輪到我們說話。他向我靠過來說，「Jody，我是個喇嘛。」我說：「是的，大師，看您的僧袍就知道。」（笑聲）他說：「你知道嗎？我還蠻喜歡冥想，也常祈禱。」我說：「那很好，很不錯，世界需要這個。我不懂這些，但那很酷。」他說，「但我卻抱著懷疑。我不相信冥想和祈禱能改變這個世界，我認為我們需要的是行動。」穿著僧袍的達賴喇嘛是我的新行動英雄。
幾天前我與翁山蘇姬談話，你們大多都知道，她是緬甸的民主鬥士。你們可能也知道，過去 20年中，有15年她被軟禁，只因為致力鼓吹民主。幾個星期前她剛被釋放，我們非常擔心她能自由多久，因為她已經在仰光街頭鼓吹改革。她已走上街頭，與政黨合作，試圖重建民主。我跟她討論了一些議題，但我想說的一點是，因為這類似於達賴喇嘛說的。她說：「你知道，我們還有很長的路要走，才能使我的國家得到民主。但我不相信不用努力只靠希望就成；我不相信有改變的希望，除非我們採取行動使它成真。」
這是我另一名女英雄，她是我的朋友，Shirin Ebadi博士，第一位獲得諾貝爾和平獎的穆斯林女子。她在過去一年半的時間一直流亡，你問她流亡時住哪？她會說，世界各地的機場。她四處流亡是因為大選期間她不在國內，她沒回家鄉，而是與跟她一起共事的婦女商量好，她們對她說，「留在國外，我們需要你留在國外；我們需要能傳訊給在國外的你，這樣你就可以讓大眾知曉這裡發生的事。」一年半時間，她代表國內其他婦女在國外發聲。
Wangari Maathai，2004年和平獎得主，大家叫她種樹女士。但她不只是種樹女士，她用非常有創意的方法為和平努力。每天種樹很累人，當她種植這些樹木時，我不認為大多數人能明白，於此同時，她利用種樹這個行動將人們聚集在一起，談論如何推翻她國家的獨裁政府。人們只要集會就會被擊散並帶往監獄，但如果他們聚在一起為環境種樹，這就沒問題。很有創意。但不只這些婦女偶像，像Shirin、翁山蘇姬、像Wangari Maathai，世界上其他婦女也一起奮鬥要改變這個世界。
緬甸婦女聯盟，由11個緬甸婦女獨立組織一起合作，因為團結就是力量，一起為改變我們世界而努力。緬甸境內婦女的百萬人簽名運動，團結一致以改變人權，將民主帶進這個國家。當有人被逮捕入獄，另一人就會站出來並加入運動。他們瞭解，只要團結在一起，最後會為自己國家帶來改變。
Mairead McGuire在相片中間，Betty Williams在右邊，將和平帶入北愛爾蘭。我要告訴你們一個簡短的故事。愛爾蘭共和軍司機被槍殺，他的車失控闖入街道旁人群中，在場有一位母親和三個孩子，孩子們當場斃命，這位母親就是Mairead的姐妹。她沒有陷入悲傷、沮喪、挫敗，在面對暴力的當下，Mairead與Betty結合在一起，一位虔誠基督教徒教和一位虔誠天主教徒，她們走上街頭說，「向暴力說不!」她們能動員千萬人，主要是婦女，還有些是男性，走上街頭，帶來變化。她們對將和平帶入北愛爾蘭也有貢獻，她們依然繼續努力中，因為還有很多事得做。
這是Rigoberta Menchu Tum，她也獲得了和平獎，現在正競選總統，教育她國家的原住民關於民主的意義、如何將民主帶入這個國家、教導人民如何投票。但民主不只是投票，也要當個積極的公民。
這就是我現在在做的事，掃除地雷運動。使這項運動得以有成效的一個原因，是因為我們從兩個非政府組織成長到數千人，全世界90個國家都有人參與，共同攜手合作以禁止地雷使用。有些運動參與者也許一個月只能工作一小時，也許只能做義工那麼長時間；還有其他人像我一樣，是全職義工，但這是我們所有人的團結行動，這會帶來改變。
我認為，我們今天需要的，是人們共同起身並採取行動，重申和平的意義。這不是個骯髒的字眼，而是每天的努力工作。如果我們每個人都在乎我們關心的這些各式各樣的事，就站起身來，盡己所能的做義工，我們將改變這個世界、拯救這個世界。我們不能等別人做，我們必須自己來做。
謝謝。
（掌聲）
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以下為系統擷取之英文原文
About this talk

Nobel Peace laureate Jody Williams brings tough love to the dream of world peace, with her razor-sharp take on what "peace" really means, and a set of profound stories that zero in on the creative struggle -- and sacrifice -- of those who work for it.

About Jody Williams

Jody Williams won a Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to eradicate landmines. Now she’s teaming up with five other female peace laureates to empower women to fight violence, injustice and… Full bio and more links

Transcript

I'm actually here to make a challenge to people. I know there have been many challenges made to people. The one I'm going to make is that it is time for us to reclaim what peace really means. Peace is not "Kumbaya, my Lord." Peace is not the dove and the rainbow -- as lovely as they are. When I see the symbols of the rainbow and the dove, I think of personal serenity. I think of meditation. I do not think about what I consider to be peace, which is sustainable peace with justice and equality. It is a sustainable peace in which the majority of people on this planet have access to enough resources to live dignified lives, where these people have enough access to education and health care, so that they can live in freedom from want and freedom from fear. This is called human security. And I am not a complete pacifist like some of my really, really heavy-duty, non-violent friends, like Mairead McGuire. I understand that humans are so messed up -- to use a nice word, because I promised my mom I'd stop using the F-bomb in public. And I'm trying harder and harder. Mom, I'm really trying.

We need a little bit of police, we need a little bit of military, but for defense. We need to redefine what makes us secure in this world. It is not arming our country to the teeth. It is not getting other countries to arm themselves to the teeth with the weapons that we produce and we sell them. It is using that money more rationally to make the countries of the world secure, to make the people of the world secure. I was thinking about the recent ongoings in Congress, where the president is offering 8.4 billion dollars to try to get the START vote. I certainly support the START vote. But he's offering 84 billion dollars for the modernizing of nuclear weapons. Do you know the figure that the U.N. talks about for fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals is 80 billion dollars? Just that little bit of money, which to me, I wish it was in my bank account -- it's not, but ... In global terms it's a little bit of money. But it's going to modernize weapons we do not need and will not be gotten rid of in our lifetime, unless we get up off our ... and take action to make it happen -- unless we begin to believe that all of the things that we've been hearing about in these last two days are elements of what come together to make human security. It is saving the tigers. It is stopping the tar sands. It is having access to medical equipment that can actually tell who does have cancer. It is all of those things. It is using our money for all of those things. It is about action.

I was in Hiroshima a couple of weeks ago, and His Holiness -- we're sitting there in front of thousands of people in the city, and there were about eight of us Nobel laureates. And he's a bad guy; he's like a bad kid in church. We're staring at everybody, waiting our turn to speak, and he leans over to me, and he says, "Jody, I'm a Buddhist monk." I said, "Yes, Your Holiness. Your robe gives it away." (Laughter) He said, "You know that I kind of like meditation, and I pray." I said, "That's good. That's good. We need that in the world. I don't follow that, but that's cool." And he says, "But I have become skeptical. I do not believe that meditation and prayer will change this world. I think what we need is action." His Holiness, in his robes, is my new action hero.

I spoke with Aung Sun Suu Kyi a couple of days ago. As most of you know, she's a hero for democracy in her country, Burma. You probably also know that she has spent 15 of the last 20 years imprisoned for her efforts to bring about democracy. She was just released a couple of weeks ago, and we're very concerned to see how long she will be free, because she is already out in the streets in Rangoon, agitating for change. She is already out in the streets, working with the party to try to rebuild it. But I talked to her for a range of issues. But one thing that I want to say, because it's similar to what His Holiness said. She said, "You know, we have a long road to go to finally get democracy in my country. But I don't believe in hope without endeavor. I don't believe in the hope of change, unless we take action to make it so."

Here's another woman hero of mine. She's my friend, Dr. Shirin Ebadi, the first Muslim woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. She has been in exile for the last year and a half. You ask her where she lives -- where does she live in exile? She says the airports of the world. She is traveling because she was out of the country at the time of the elections. And instead going home, she conferred with all the other women that she works with, who said to her, "Stay out. We need you out. We need to be able to talk to you out there, so that you can give the message of what's happening here." A year and a half -- she's out speaking on behalf of the other women in her country.

Wangari Maathai -- 2004 Peace laureate. They call her the tree lady, but she's more than the tree lady. Working for peace is very creative. It's hard work every day. When she was planting those trees, I don't think most people understand that, at the same time, she was using the action of getting people together to plant those trees to talk about how to overcome the authoritarian government in her country. People could not gather without getting busted and taken to jail. But if they were together planting trees for the environment, it was okay -- creativity. But it's not just iconic women like Shirin, like Aung Sun Suu Kyi, like Wangari Maathai; it is other women in the world who are also struggling together to change this world.

The Women's League of Burma -- 11 individual organizations of Burmese women came together because there's strength in numbers. Working together is what changes our world. The Million Signatures Campaign of women inside Burma working together to change human rights, to bring democracy to that country. When one is arrested and taken to prison, another one comes out and joins the movement -- recognizing that, if they work together, they will ultimately bring change in their own country.

Mairead McGuire in the middle, Betty Williams on the right-hand side -- bringing peace to Northern Ireland. I'll tell you the quick story. An IRA driver was shot, and his car plowed into people on the side of the street. There was a mother and three children. The children were killed on the spot. It was Mairead's sister. Instead of giving in to grief, depression, defeat in the face of that violence, Mairead hooked up with Betty -- a staunch Protestant and a staunch Catholic -- and they took to the streets to say, "No more violence." And they were able to get tens of thousands of, primarily, women -- some men -- in the streets to bring about change. And they have been part of what brought peace to Northern Ireland, and they're still working on it, because there's still a lot more to do.

This is Rigoberta Menchu Tum. She also received the Peace Prize. She is now running for president. She is educating the indigenous people of her country about what it means to be about a democracy, about how you bring democracy to the country, about educating about how to vote -- but that democracy is not just about voting, it's about being an active citizen.

That's what I got stuck doing -- the landmine campaign. One of the things that made this campaign work is because we grew from two NGO's to thousands in 90 countries around the world, working together in common cause to ban landmines. Some of the people who worked in our campaign could only work maybe an hour a month. They could maybe volunteer that much. There were others, like myself, who were full-time. But it was the actions together of all of us that brought about that change.

In my view, what we need today is people getting up and taking action to reclaim the meaning of peace. It's not a dirty word. It's hard work every single day. And if each of us who cares about the different things we care about got up off our butts and volunteered as much time as we could, we would change this world, we would save this world. And we can't wait for the other guy; we have to do it ourselves.

Thank you.

(Applause)
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