VOALearningEnglish2011.7.29---US Seeks 'Shadow' Internet, Mobile Networks in Repressive Countries

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VOALearningEnglish2011.7.29---US Seeks 'Shadow' Internet, Mobile Networks in Repressive Countries
This is the VOA Special English Technology Report, from http://voaspecialenglish.com
http://facebook.com/voalearningenglish

The Obama administration is leading an effort to deploy what some people call liberation technology in repressive countries. The New York Times reported that these efforts include "shadow" Internet and mobile phone systems. These are secret networks designed to operate independently of a government's control.
Dissidents in the Middle East, North Africa and other countries are increasingly using the Internet, social media and mobile phones. Some governments have taken steps to block or spy on their communications.
Officials in Egypt shut down Internet connections in February in a failed attempt to stop democracy protests. The Syrian government recently took similar action.
Ken Berman is the director of information security at the Broadcasting Board of Governors, the parent agency of Voice of America. He says the State Department is looking at ways for cyber dissidents and activists to communicate among themselves using independent networks.
The New York Times reported that one of these projects is known as "Internet in a suitcase." The idea is to put equipment in a suitcase that could be secretly transported across a border. Then it could be used to quickly establish a wireless Internet connection over a wide area.
Another project seeks to avoid Taliban interference with cellphone networks in Afghanistan by using towers on American bases.
VOA has its own anti-censorship programs, led by Ken Berman. He says, "What we're trying to do is give tools to allow people in countries that have hostile regimes to circumvent, to go around, the blockage or the filtering that their own governments do."
During a speech in February, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called Internet freedom "one of the grand challenges of our time." The State Department says its efforts are aimed at supporting free speech and human rights, not overthrowing governments.
Ken Berman says whether or not these two things can be separated is a source of continuing debate. "An educated population is what I think these tools strive for. Whether that will lead to government change, whether that will lead to internal reform, it depends on the country. There are so many dynamics in play in so many different countries, it's hard to know what effect open information has."
For VOA Special English, I'm Alex Villarreal. You can download MP3s of our programs and get podcasts at voaspecialenglish.com.

(Adapted from a radio program broadcast 20Jun2011)
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VOALearningEnglish2011.7.29 - - 美國尋求在專制國家“影子”互聯網，移動網絡
這是美國之音特別英語技術報告，從 http://voaspecialenglish.com
http://facebook.com/voalearningenglish

奧巴馬政府正領導一個工作部署一些人呼籲解放壓迫國家的技術。紐約時報報導，這些努力包括“影子”的互聯網和移動電話系統。這些都是設計為獨立於政府控制的秘密網絡。
在中東，北非等國家的持不同政見者越來越多地使用互聯網，社交媒體和手機。一些政府已採取措施來阻止或他們的通訊間諜。
埃及官員關閉二月在一個失敗的嘗試阻止民主抗議活動的互聯網連接。敘利亞政府最近採取了類似行動。
肯伯曼是信息安全的州長在廣播局，美國之音的上級機構的董事。他說，國務院是在對網絡持不同政見者和活躍分子進行通信網絡中使用自己獨立的途徑。
紐約時報報導，其中的一個項目被稱為“互聯網在一個手提箱。”這個想法是把一個可以跨越邊境偷偷運手提箱設備。然後，它可用於快速建立在廣泛領域的無線互聯網連接。
另一個項目旨在避免在阿富汗使用手機網絡上的美軍基地塔塔利班的干擾。
美國之音有它自己的反審查程序，由Ken伯曼領導。他說，“我們正在試圖做的就是給工具，使那些敵對的國家制度，以規避人，去走一走，堵塞或過濾他們自己的政府做的。”
在二月份講話，國務卿希拉里克林頓呼籲互聯網自由“是我們這個時代的重大挑戰之一。”國務院說，它的努力都是為了支持言論自由和人權，而不是推翻政府。
伯曼說，肯與否這兩個可以分開的東西，這是一個不斷爭論的來源。 “受過教育的人口是我認為這些工具努力奮鬥。至於這是否會導致政府更迭，是否會導致內部改革，它依賴於國家，有在玩這麼多動態在這麼多不同的國家，很難要知道什麼樣的影響公開信息。“
對於美國之音特別英語，我是亞歷比利亞雷亞爾。您可以下載 MP3和得到我們的方案在voaspecialenglish.com播客。

（從一個電台節目中播出20Jun2011改編）