GoogleTechTalks2011.10.10---Eshel Ben-Jacob:Learning from Bacteria about Social Networks

GoogleTechTalks2011.10.10---Eshel Ben-Jacob:Learning from Bacteria about Social Networks
Learning from Bacteria about Social Networks
Google Tech Talk (more info below)
September 30, 2011

Presented by Eshel Ben-Jacob.

ABSTRACT

Scientific American placed Professor Eshel Ben-Jacob and Dr. Itay Baruchi's creation of a type of organic memory chip on its list of the year's 50 most significant scientific discoveries in 2007. For the last decade, he has pioneered the field of Systems Neuroscience, focusing first on investigations of living neural networks outside the brain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshel_Ben-Jacob

Learning from Bacteria about Information Processing

Bacteria, the first and most fundamental of all organisms, lead rich social life in complex hierarchical communities. Collectively, they gather information from the environment, learn from past experience, and make decisions. Bacteria do not store genetically all the information required to respond efficiently to all possible environmental conditions. Instead, to solve new encountered problems (challenges) posed by the environment, they first assess the problem via collective sensing, then recall stored information of past experience and finally execute distributed information processing of the 109-12 bacteria in the colony, thus turning the colony into super-brain. Super-brain, because the billions of bacteria in the colony use sophisticated communication strategies to link the intracellular computation networks of each bacterium (including signaling path ways of billions of molecules) into a network of networks. I will show illuminating movies of swarming intelligence of live bacteria in which they solve optimization problems for collective decision making that are beyond what we, human beings, can solve with our most powerful computers. I will discuss the special nature of bacteria computational principles in comparison to our Turing Algorithm computational principles, showing that we can learn from the bacteria about our brain, in particular about the crucial role of the neglected other side of the brain, distributed information processing of the astrocytes.

Eshel Ben-Jacob is Professor of Physics of Complex Systems and holds the Maguy-Glass Chair in Physics at Tel Aviv University. He was an early leader in the study of bacterial colonies as the key to understanding larger biological systems. He maintains that the essence of cognition is rooted in the ability of bacteria to gather, measure, and process information, and to adapt in response. For the last decade, he has pioneered the field of Systems Neuroscience, focusing first on investigations of living neural networks outside the brain and later on analysis of actual brain activity. In 2007, Scientific American selected Ben-Jacob's invention, the first hybrid NeuroMemory Chip, as one of the 50 most important achievements in all fields of science and technology for that year. The NeuroMemory Chip entails imprinting multiple memories, based upon development of a novel, system-level analysis of neural network activity (inspired by concepts from statistical physics and quantum mechanics), ideas about distributed information processing (inspired by his research on collective behaviors of bacteria) and new experimental methods based on nanotechnology (carbon nanotubes). Prof. Ben-Jacob received his PhD in physics (1982) at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He served as Vice President of the Israel Physical Society (1999-2002), then as President of the Israel Physical Society (2002-2005), initiating the online magazine PhysicaPlus, the only Hebrew-English bilingual science magazine. The general principles he has uncovered have been examined in a wide range of disciplines, including their application to amoeboid navigation, bacterial colony competition, cell motility, epilepsy, gene networks, genome sequence of pattern-forming bacteria, network theory analysis of the immune system, neural networks, search, and stock market volatility and collapse. He has examined implications of bacterial collective intelligence for neurocomputing. His scientific findings have prompted studies of their implications for computing: using chemical "tweets" to communicate, millions of bacteria self-organize to form colonies that collaborate to feed and defend themselves, as in a sophisticated social network.

This talk was hosted by Boris Debic, and arranged by Zann Gill and the Microbes Mind Forum.

從細菌的學習，對社交網絡
谷歌技術講座（下面更多信息）
2011年9月30日

主辦埃謝爾本 - 雅各布。

摘要

“科學美國人”放在埃謝爾本 - 雅各布教授和博士Itay Baruchi的創造其今年的在2007年的50個最顯著的科學發現名單上的有機內存芯片類型。在過去的十年中，他率先系統神經科學領域，首先側重於生活外腦的神經網絡進行調查。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshel_Ben-Jacob

從細菌了解信息處理

細菌，所有生物體的第一步，也是最根本的，導致豐富複雜的層次社區的社會生活。總的來說，他們從環境中收集的信息，汲取以往的經驗，並作出決定。細菌不存儲基因有效應對一切可能的環境條件下所需的所有信息。相反，解決環境所帶來的新遇到的問題（挑戰）的，他們首先評估的問題，通過集體檢測，然後記得過去的經驗的存儲信息，並最終 109-12細菌在殖民地執行分佈式信息處理，從而把成超級大腦的殖民地。超級大腦，因為在殖民地的細菌數十億使用先進的通信戰略，以每個細菌細胞內（包括信號的分子數十億美元的路徑方式）計算網絡連接成一個網絡。我會擠滿活菌的情報顯示啟發性的電影，他們在解決優化問題集體決策超出我們人類，可以解決我們最強大的計算機。我將討論相比，我們的圖靈算法的計算原則計算原則細菌的特殊性質，顯示我們可以從了解我們的大腦中的細菌，尤其是被忽視的另一側大腦關鍵作用，分佈式信息處理星形膠質細胞。

埃謝爾本 - 雅各布是複雜系統物理學教授，並保存在特拉維夫大學物理Maguy玻璃的主席。他是在研究理解較大的生物系統的關鍵細菌菌落的早期領導人。他認為，認知的本質是植根於細菌的能力，收集，測量和處理信息，並適應回應。在過去的十年中，他率先系統神經科學領域，首先側重於生活外腦的神經網絡和實際的大腦活動的分析調查。 2007年，“科學美國人”選擇本 - 雅各布的發明，第一款混合動力 NeuroMemory芯片，在這一年所有的科學和技術領域的50個最重要的成就之一。 NeuroMemory芯片需要印跡多的回憶，一種新型的，系統級分析的神經網絡活動（由統計物理和量子力學的概念的啟發），分佈式信息處理（由他的研究靈感來自對細菌的集體行為的思想的發展為基礎）和納米技術（碳納米管）為基礎的新的實驗方法。本 - 雅各布教授，以色列特拉維夫大學獲得物理學博士學位（1982）。他曾擔任以色列物理學會（1999-2002年）的副總裁，然後作為以色列體育協會主席（2002-2005年），啟動網上雜誌 PhysicaPlus，唯一的希伯來英文雙語科學雜誌。一個學科門類齊全，包括其應用到細菌菌落競爭，變形蟲導航，細胞運動，癲癇，基因網絡格局形成的細菌的基因組序列，網絡免疫系統的理論分析研究，他已發現的一般原則神經網絡，搜索，和股市波動和崩潰。他曾研究neurocomputing細菌為集體智慧的影響。他的科學發現促使計算及其影響的研究：利用化學“鳴叫”溝通，自我組織以百萬計的細菌協作飼料和捍衛自己作為一個複雜的社會網絡，形成菌落。

本講座是由葉利欽 Debic主持，並安排Zann吉爾和微生物心靈論壇。