ARIRANG NEWS2015.11.9---北朝鲜最大的变化是中产阶层的出现

ARIRANG NEWS2015.11.9---北朝鲜最大的变化是中产阶层的出现
發佈日期：2015年11月9日
38 North is a program of the U.S.－Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University dedicated to providing analysis of events in and around North Korea.
Their blog is authored by its faculty and guest commentators... including Dr. Ruediger Frank， a longtime North Korea expert， an economist， and a professor of East Asian studies at the University of Vienna. Dr. Frank was educated at Kim Il－Sung University in North Korea and has been visiting the reclusive state for the past 24 years.
I recently had a chance to sit down with him. In this part two of my two－part interview， we discussed the state of the North Korean economy and the emergence of what he called a ″middle class″ in North Korea. What would you say is the state of the North Korean economy at this point？ It′s obviously in a stage of transition. For someone who goes to North Korea as regularly as I do for 25 years now， it′s obvious that the country is changing. Not fast， not always at the pace we want but definitely in a way that can′t be bounced back. For example， existence of market where people can buy what they want in case they have the money， one thing that wasn′t there.
I′m really hesitant to call them black markets… those jangmadang… because those are legal. They are heavily guarded… to trade there， you have to have license.
I have also heard of young entrepreneurs in North Korea. Are there entrepreneurs？ Oh yes. They are usually they are in the restaurant business or in the tourism business. These are things where you can actually be an entrepreneur in North Korea. Obviously you need to have a connection because you will not be a private entrepreneur but it all takes place under the cover of some collective.
And many young people I met in the educated middle class actually dream about entering business and opening their own restaurants and coffee shops or tourism company. You said middle class. So， are you saying that there is a middle class in North Korea？ Very obviously that′s one of the big changes that I have observed in the last 24 years… that this middle class has actually emerged.
You now have people who look differently and wear more fashionably， have mobile phones， who have the right body language with self－confidence on the streets， not only on Pyeongyang but also of Cheongjin， Gyeongsung and Sariwon… any other major North Korean cities.
So， are we seeing the emergence of capitalism in North Korea？
I would say what we see is the attempt by the state to use different means to achieve economic progress. What you are saying is that at least those in the middle class in North Korea have had the taste of what money can bring them？
Absolutely yes. This is transforming the whole outlook of life because they know whatever you want to get， you can get it if you have the money.
Can we anticipate a reunification similar to that of Germany？
Definitely no. To begin with， the case of Korea and Germany are so different.
If we look at the changes
38北美韩研究所的约翰·霍普金斯大学的一个项目，致力于提供和周围朝鲜事件的分析。
他们的博客是由她的老师和特约评论员......包括Ruediger弗兰克博士，长期担任朝鲜问题专家，经济学家，与东亚研究的维也纳大学教授撰写。 弗兰克博士曾就读于金日成综合大学在朝鲜，并已访问过的隐居状态，在过去的24年。
我最近有机会坐下来与他。在这部分我的两个部分组成的采访二，我们讨论了朝鲜的经济状况和他所谓的朝鲜一个“中产阶层”的出现。你会说什么是朝鲜的经济状况在这一点？
这显然​​处于过渡阶段。对于有人谁去北韩经常像我现在25年做的，很明显，这个国家正在发生变化。 不是很快，不会一直处在我们想要的，但绝对不能被弹回的方式的步伐。 例如，存在市场，人们可以购买他们的情况下，希望他们有钱，有一件事是不存在的东西。 我真的很犹豫，打电话给他们黑市......这些jangmadang ......因为这些是合法的。他们被重兵把守...交易在那里，你必须有许可证。 我也听说过青年企业家在朝鲜。是否有企业家？
哦，是的。它们通常是他们在餐饮业，或在旅游业务。 这些事情，你实际上可以在朝鲜的企业家。 很明显，你需要有一个连接，因为你不会成为一个民营企业家，但是这一切需要一些集体的掩护下进行。
而很多年轻人我在受过教育的中产阶级满足实际梦想进入的业务和开设自己的餐馆和咖啡馆或旅游公司。
你说的中产阶级。所以，你说，有一个中产阶级在朝鲜？
很显然这是对我在过去的24年... ...，这个中产阶层实际上已经出现了观察到的重大变化之一。
你现在有个人谁看不同，穿起来较时髦，拥有手机，谁有权肢体语言，在街道上的自信，不仅还了清津，Gyeongsung和沙里院...任何其他主要的朝鲜城市平壤，但。
那么，我们看到资本主义在北朝鲜的出现？
我想说，我们看到的是由国家尝试使用不同的手段来实现经济发展。 你说的话是，至少是中产阶层在朝鲜有过什么钱可以给他们带来的味道？ 绝对是的。
这正在改变着整个人生观，因为他们知道无论你想要得到的，你可以得到它，如果你有没有钱。 我们可以预见类似于德国的统一？
绝对没有。 首先，韩国和德国的情况是如此不同。
如果我们看一下改变