Ted Talks2016.4.1---不丹首相Tshering Tobgay :零碳排放的不丹

Ted Talks2016.4.1---不丹首相Tshering Tobgay :零碳排放的不丹
發佈日期：2016年4月1日
Deep in the Himalayas, on the border between China and India, lies the Kingdom of Bhutan, which has pledged to remain carbon neutral for all time. In this illuminating talk, Bhutan's Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay shares his country's mission to put happiness before economic growth and set a world standard for environmental preservation.
深在喜马拉雅山，中国和印度之间的边界，位于不丹，其已承诺保持碳中和所有的时间王国。在此启发谈话，不丹首相策林·托杰分享他国的使命，把幸福的经济增长之前，并为环保的世界标准。



==========Google 翻译==========

0:07wondering no I'm not wearing a dress and no I'm not saying what I'm wearing 0:21underneath 0:24this is our core this is my national dress this is how all men just that is 0:35how are women dress like our women we men get to wear pretty bright colors but 0:45unlike a women we get to show off a ledge and national dress is unique but 0:52this is not the only thing that's unique about my country are promised remain 0:57carbon-neutral is also unique and this is what I'd like to speak about today I

1:01promise to remain carbon neutral but before I proceed I should say to the 1:06context I should tell you a story we've done is a small country in the Himalayas 1:14we've been called shangri-la even the last shangri-la but let me tell you 1:21right off the bat we are not young gorilla my country is not one big 1:26monastery populated with happy monks the reality is that they're barely 700,000 1:35office sandwiched between two of the most populated countries on the US China 1:41and India the reality is that we are a small underdeveloped country doing our 1:49best to survive 1:51surviving in fact leaving and the reason we are driving is because we've been

2:00blessed with extraordinary Kings are enlightened monarchs have worked 2:07tirelessly to develop a country balancing economic growth carefully with 2:13social development environmental sustainability and cultural preservation 2:17all within the framework of good governance because this holistic 2:23approach to development costs National Happiness GNH back in the nineteen 2:30seventy use of force King famously pronounce that for Bhutan 2:34cross national happiness is more important than gross national product 2:39development is driven by vision that aims to improve the happiness and 2:55well-being of our people but that's easier said than done especially when

3:02you're one of the smallest economies no world I entire GDP is less than two 3:07billion dollars I know that some of you here are worth more individually then 3:15the entire economy of my country so I economies but here's where it gets 3:23interesting 3:26education is completely free all citizens are guaranteed free school 3:30education and those at work harder given free college education healthcare is 3:35also completely free medical consultation medical treatment medicines 3:39the old provided by the state we manage this because we use our limited 3:47resources very carefully and because we stick to the core mission of which is 3:55development with values i connie is small and we must strengthen it

4:02economic growth is important but that economic growth must not come from 4:07undermining our unique culture or are pristine environment today our culture 4:15is flourishing we continue to celebrate the art and architecture food and 4:21festivals monks and monasteries and yes we celebrated 4:29a national dress to this is why I can wear my call with pride 4:37here's a fun fact you're looking at the world's biggest pocket it starts here 4:46goes on the back and comes out from interest here in this pocket we stopped 4:54all manner of person goods from phones and wallets to iPad office files and

5:02books sometimes 5:09precious cargo flourishing but so is our environment 5:19guaranteed two percent of my country's under forest cover our Constitution 5:24demands at a minimum of 60% of total and shall remain under forest cover for all 5:32time 5:37our Constitution test Constitution imposes forest cover and incidentally I 5:49king 5:50use this Constitution to impose democracy on US you see the people 5:55didn't want democracy we didn't ask for it we didn't demanded and you should we

6:01didn't fight for it instead opting imports democracy enough by insisting 6:08that he included in the Constitution but he went further he included provisions 6:15in the Constitution that empower the people to impeach taking and included 6:22provisions in here that require all the king's to retire at the age of 65 we 6:34already have a king in retirement 6:36our previous game the great force retired Gen years ago at the peak of his 6:43popularity he was all off 51 years at that time so I thing to do percent of 6:55our countries under forest cover and all that forests is pristine that's why we

7:00are one of the few remaining global biodiversity hotspots in the world and 7:05that's why we are a carbon neutral country in a word that has threatened 7:09with climate change we are a carbon neutral country turns out it's a big 7:16deal over 200 countries in the world today looks like we had only one its 7:22carbon neutral actually that's not quite accurate with china's not carbon neutral 7:30negative entire country generator 2.2 million tons of carbon dioxide but a 7:42forest IC crashed more than three times that amount so we are a net carbon sink 7:49for more than four million tons of carbon dioxide each year that's not all 7:55electricity we generate from a fast-flowing rivers the clean energy

8:07that we export of such about six million tons of carbon dioxide in a neighborhood 8:13by 2020 will be exporting enough electricity to offset seventy million 8:20tons of carbon dioxide and if you want to harness even half a hydropower 8:25potential and that's exactly what we're working out clean green energy that we 8:31export would offset something like fifty million tons of carbon dioxide a year 8:35that is more co2 than what the entire city of New York generation one year so 8:45inside our country we are a net carbon seeing all trade we are offsetting 8:50carbon and this is important stuff you see the world is getting warmer and 8:55climate change is a reality 8:59climate change is affecting my country I've glaciers are melting causing flash

9:05floods and landslides which in turn causing disaster and widespread 9:09destruction in our country I was a deadly recently its stunning that's how 9:18it looked 9:19ten years ago and that's how it looked 9:22twenty years ago just twenty years ago that didn't exist it was a solid Alicia 9:29a few years ago a similar league reached as dams and wrecked havoc in the values 9:39below that 9:43struction was caused by one glacial if we have two thousand seven hundred of 9:47them to contend what's the point is this my country and my people have done 9:55nothing to contribute to global warming but we are already bearing the brunt of

10:02printers and for a small country one that is landlocked and mountainous it is 10:09very difficult but we are not going to sit on their hands doing nothing we will 10:15fight climate change that's why we have promised to remain carbon-neutral we 10:22first made this promise in 2009 during cops esteem in Copenhagen but nobody 10:31noticed governments were so busy arguing with one another and blaming each other 10:36for causing climate change that when a small country reason our hands and 10:41announced we promise to remain carbon-neutral fault I'm nobody heard us 10:46nobody cared last December in Paris 21 we reiterated our promise to remain 10:58carbon neutral for all time to come this time we were noticed and everybody what

11:09was different in Paris was a government scheme around together to accept the 11:14realities of climate change and willing to come together and act together and 11:19work together all countries from the very small to the very large committed 11:26to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions the UN Framework Convention for climate 11:33change says that if these so-called intended commitments I kept we'd be 11:39closer to containing global warming by 2 degrees Celsius 11:49requested the Ted organizers here to turn up the heat in here by 2 degrees so 11:56it's somewhat you are feeling warmer than usual 11:58you know to blame it's crucial that all of us keep our commitment as far as the

12:08town is concerned we will keep our promise to remain carbon-neutral here 12:13are some of the ways we are doing it we're providing free electricity to 12:18rural farmers the ideas that with free elections will no longer have to use 12:24firewood to cook their food we are investing in sustainable transport and 12:31subsidizing the British of electric vehicles similarly we are subsidizing 12:36the cost of energy life and our entire government is trying to go paperless 12:42we're cleaning up our entire country to clean wood on a national program and 12:48we're planting trees throughout our country another national program but it 12:56is protected areas that are at the core of our carbon neutral strategy are

13:02protected areas are a carbon sink today more than half my country is protected 13:11as national parks nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries but the beauty is 13:18that we've connected them all with one another through our network of 13:22biological corridors know what this means is that I animals are free to roam 13:29throughout our country 13:33just anger for example it was spotted at two hundred and fifty metres above sea 13:38level in the hot tub tropical jungles two years later that same Tiger was 13:45spotted near 4000 metres in a cold Alpine mountains isn't that awesome 13:54hunting mining and pollution in a box and resources to help communities who

14:13live in those parks manage their forest adapt to climate change and lead better 14:19lives while continuing to live in harmony with mother nature but that is 14:25expensive over the next few years a small economy won't have the resources 14:31to cover all the costs that are required to protect our environment in fact when 14:38you run the numbers it looks like before we can fully financial all our 14:44conservation efforts but neither Britain nor the world can afford to spend 14:52fifteen years going backwards this is why his Majesty the King

15:00cancellation done for life gives it gives a reading room it is essentially a 15:08funding mechanism to look after our part to protect our parks to LA government 15:14can take over on our own fully the idea is to raise a transition fund from 15:21individual donors corporations and institutions but the deal is closed only 15:27after predetermine conditions are met and all funds committed to multi-party 15:33finger closing and ideally borrowed from wall street this means that individual 15:41donors can commit without having to worry that they'll be left supporting an 15:46underfunded plan it's something like a Kickstarter project only with a 15 year 15:52time horizon and millions of tons of carbon dioxide out once the deal is 15:59close we used the transition fund

16:03to protect our parks giving our government time to increase our own 16:09funding gradually deliver end of the 15 year period after that our government 16:14guarantees full funding for ever 16:20we almost there we expect to close later this year actually I'm pretty excited 16:31fund is our principal partner in this journey and I want to give them a big 16:40shout out for the excellent work they're doing in baton and across the world

17:04story we are keeping our promise to remain a story of how we are keeping our 17:14country our children for your children and for the world but we are not here to 17:23tell stories are we to dream together so in closing I'd like to share one more 17:31dream that I have what if you could mobilize our leadership and our 17:37resources influence and a passion to replicate the potential life idea to 17:43other countries so that they too can conserve the protected area for all time 17:48after all they are many other countries will face the same issues that we need 17:53to have natural resources that can help win the World Title sustainability only

18:00did not have the ability to invest in them now so what if we set up for life 18:05of Global Fund to kick start the trial the world I invite you to help me to 18:14carry this dream beyond the borders to all those who care about the planet's 18:21future after all a dream together to work together to fight climate change 18:29together to protect our planet together because the reality of 18:36together differently but we are together thank you very much 18:49thank you


0:00翻译：玛塔Grochowalska更正：山猫魔杖 0:13如果你想知道 0:15我没有穿衣服 0:18不，我不会告诉你我穿的下面。 0:22 （笑声） 0:25这是的gho， 0:27我的民族服装。 0:30因此，他们穿着不丹的人。 0:34因此，他们穿着不丹妇女。 0:38作为一个女人， 0:40男士可穿着很鲜艳的颜色， 0:44但与此相反， 0:47我们可以显示的腿。 0:48 （笑声） 0:50这身行头是独一无二的， 0:52但它不是在我的国家只有这样的事情。 0:55二氧化碳零排放的承诺， 0:59我今天想讨论的，

1:01它也是独一无二的。 1:04但在我开始之前，我会给环境 1:08我告诉你的故事。 1:11不丹是喜马拉雅山一个小国。 1:16这就是所谓的我们的香格里拉， 1:18就连最后的香格里拉。 1:21但是，一旦你告诉她，我们都没有。 1:24我国不是一个大寺院 1:27满是幸福的僧侣。 1:28 （笑声） 1:30事实上，我们都小于700古都， 1:36夹在中国和印度，世界上两个人口最多的国家之间。 1:44我们是一个小的，落后国家， 1:48这是试图生存。 1:51但是，我们正在做的。我们的立场。 1:55在一夜暴富。 1:58这是因为命运的赐予

2:02特殊的统治者。 2:05我们的开明君主孜孜不倦地工作， 2:08该国在发展， 2:09仔细平衡的经济增长 2:13社会的发展，环境问题 2:16文化的保存， 2:18而这一切在良好治理的背景下。 2:22这种全面的发展方针 2:25我们呼吁瑞士央行，“国民幸福总值”。 2:29在上世纪70年代 2:31第四个国王决定，不丹国民幸福指数 2:36它比国民生产总值更加重要。 2:39 （掌声） 2:44此后 2:46不丹的发展带动了SNB， 2:51开拓视野旨在提高幸福的感觉 2:54作为人口。 2:58这是说起来容易，更难做，

3:00特别是对于在世界上最小的经济体之一。 3:05我们整个的国内生产总值不到两十亿美元。 3:09我知道，你们当中有些人有更多的钱...... 3:12 （笑声） 3:13 ·个人， 3:15比我国的整体经济。 3:20我们的经济总量小， 3:22但在这里它变得有趣。 3:26教育是免费的。 3:28所有公民提供了免费的教育， 3:31和那些谁努力工作，有一个免费的工作室。 3:34医疗也是免费的。 3:36对于医疗咨询，治疗和用药 3:39交州。 3:43我们设法做到这一点， 3:45我非常仔细地利用有限的资源庆祝 3:49我们是忠于使命SNB， 3:55也就是说，开发价值为基础。 3:59我们的经济总量小，所以我们需要加强。

4:02经济增长是重要的， 4:04但不能把文化的破坏 4:09或破坏玷污环境。 4:14今天，我们的文化繁荣。 4:17我们仍然庆祝我们的艺术和建筑， 4:20膳食和节假日， 4:23我们钦佩僧侣和寺院。 4:26是的，我们为我们的民族服装而感到自豪。 4:32因此，我自豪地穿上GHO。 4:37我会告诉你一些有趣的事情。 4:39这里是世界口袋里最大的。 4:42 （笑声） 4:45它从这里开始 4:47通过在身后 4:49和到此为止下方。 4:52在这个口袋 4:53我们进行了各种个人物品， 4:56从手机和钱包

5:00在iPad，office文档和书籍。 5:03 （笑声） 5:04 （掌声） 5:06有时 5:08甚至珍贵的货物。 5:14我们的文化蓬勃发展， 5:16随着环境。 5:18我国72％被森林覆盖。 5:23根据宪法，最低为不丹的60％ 5:29它总是必须保持森林。 5:33 （掌声） 5:39我们的宪法 5:44强加给我们的绿化建设。 5:47顺便说一句，国王使用的宪法， 5:51强加给我们的民主。 5:54我们这些人，不想要民主。 5:57我们没有要求与否我们要求，

6:00当然，我们不打了吧。 6:03相反，国王强加给它给我们， 6:07坚持将其保存在宪法。 6:12他走得更远， 6:14包含的条款， 6:18给人一种权利，推翻国王， 6:22并要求国王进入退休年龄在65岁。 6:28 （掌声） 6:31目前，我们有一个国王，退休 6:36这以前，伟大的第四任国王 6:40谁在10年前退休 6:42在普及的高峰期。 6:45他当时51岁。 6:50正如我所说， 6:53全国72％的覆盖的原始森林。 6:59因此，我们是为数不多的

7:01生物多样性的中心在世界 7:04我们有零碳排放。 7:07在这个世界上受气候变化的威胁 7:10不丹二氧化碳零排放。 7:15事实证明，这是严重的。 7:17似乎只有我们的国家， 7:19约200在世界上只有一个， 7:21它具有零二氧化碳排放量。 7:25虽然有一定的误差。 7:28不丹是不是一个零排放， 7:31但负排放。 7:35我国生产220万吨的二氧化碳， 7:42但森林吸收它三次， 7:47因此，碳汇以每年400万吨超过其排放量。 7:54但是，这还不是全部。 7:55 （掌声） 7:58我们出口的大部分

8:00可再生能源 8:01从我们的智能河流产生的。 8:05目前出口清洁能源 8:08约600万吨减少了邻国的排放。 8:13到2020年，我们将出口的能源减少排放 8:18约17万公吨的二氧化碳。 8:22如果会出现，虽然过水能源潜力的一半， 8:26以上这一点，我们的工作， 8:28清洁，绿色能源，这是我们出口， 8:31可以通过每年约5000万吨减少排放。 8:38这比纽约的年度总的二氧化碳排放量多。 8:45该国的二氧化碳被吸收， 8:48国内外排放量减少。 8:50这是一个重要的问题。 8:53在世界上的增加温度， 8:55气候变化成为现实 8:59和它们对不丹产生影响。

9:02冰川正在融化，造成 9:04即时洪水和山体滑坡， 9:06这反过来又导致不丹的灾难和破坏。 9:13我最近在湖面上。 9:16这是惊人的。 9:18所以它看起来在10年前， 9:21以及20年前。 9:23 20年前湖泊并不存在。 9:27这是坚冰。 9:31几年前，类似的湖 9:34我们打​​破了大坝 9:37并摧毁了周围的山谷。 9:42毁灭做了一个冰川湖， 9:45我们在2700有这样的湖泊。 9:50问题的关键是， 9:52我的国家和民族 9:54没有办法推动了全球变暖， 9:59但是现在我们感受到了后果。

10:05而对于小的可怜的国家，山区和内陆， 10:09这是非常困难的。 10:12但我们不会被闲置。 10:14我们将应对气候变化。 10:16这就是为什么我们致力于零碳。 10:22我们第一次在2009年的这个承诺 10:26在哥本哈根COP 15期间， 10:30但没有人注意到。 10:32各国政府忙于争吵 10:35并指责气候变化， 10:38当一个小国宣布 10:42所有的时候会产生零碳排放， 10:45我们一直没有听说过。 10:47没有人关心。 10:51去年十二月在巴黎 10:54在COP 21 10:55我们重申我们的承诺。

11:01这一次，我们听到 11:03和他们有兴趣。 11:09在巴黎不同的是，政府云集， 11:14接受气候变化的现实 11:16并愿意合作。 11:20所有国家，从最小到最大， 11:25致力于减少温室气体排放。 11:30联合国气候变化框架公约说 11:34如果预期的贡献将得以实现， 11:39我们靠拢，减少全球变暖 11:41以两摄氏度。 11:46顺便说一句， 11:48我问主办方。 11:51这里由两个度提高温度， 11:56所以，如果有人比平常更热 11:59你知道谁有怨气。

12:03重要的是要遵守诺言是非常重要的。 12:07不丹信守诺言，以保持二氧化碳的零排放。 12:13这里有一些方法。 12:16我们为农用地免费用电， 12:20有没有烧木材 12:26在烹饪过程中。 12:28我们投资于可持续交通， 12:31补贴购买电动车， 12:34 LED灯泡， 12:38而政府正试图彻底抛弃纸张的使用。 12:43我们必须清理国家的国家方案“清洁不丹” 12:47并种植在全国各地的树木 12:50另根据国家计划 12:53所谓绿色不丹。 12:56但是，我们的战略的核心

13:00零排放是保护区， 13:02吸收二氧化碳。 13:05他们是我们的肺部。 13:08今天，超过一半的不丹是受到保护 13:12国家公园 13:13和自然保护区。 13:17重要的是，我们结合在一起 13:21生物走廊网络， 13:26这意味着动物能够在全国各地自由移动。 13:33就拿老虎。 13:35这导致了他在250米的海拔高度， 13:39在炎热的亚热带丛林。 13:42两年后，他被看做 13:45或多或少以4000m的高度 13:48在寒冷的山上。 13:51是不是很神奇？ 13:53 （掌声） 13:57我们必须坚持下去。

14:00我们需要保持我们在公园宏伟。 14:03每年，我们准备措施 14:05防止偷猎和乱抛垃圾的公园 14:11而居住在这些园区帮助社区 14:16在他们的管理，适应气候变化 14:19生活在与大自然和谐相处的提高。 14:24但它是昂贵的。 14:26在接下来的几年里，我们的小经济体 14:29你不会有保护环境所需要的所有资源。 14:37数据显示分析 14:39它至少需要15年。 14:41我们完全可以资助环保。 14:47但无论是不丹 14:49也不是世界其他地区 14:51不能倒退了15年。 14:56因此，国王发起 14:59不丹为生活节目，

15:02这给了我们必要的时间 15:04并允许你喘口气。 15:07这种筹资机制 15:09公园的保护，直至 15:13带她完全由政府。 15:17这个想法筹集资金过渡期 15:21从个人捐助者，公司和机构， 15:25但该合同只若干条件达成后得出的结论 15:30并满足一切手段。 15:32多边行动，一个结果 15:36一个想法从华尔街借来的。 15:39这意味着，个人捐赠者可以提供手段，而不必担心 15:44它们支持资金不足的计划。 15:49这有点像Kickstarter的， 15:51刚刚超过15年。 15:54在利益攸关的是数百万吨的二氧化碳。 15:58当协议结束后，

16:01我们将使用过渡基金，以保护公园， 16:05给政府15年时间 16:07逐渐增加的资源。 16:12然后政府提供其所有的自有资金。 16:20他几乎成功了。 16:21我们预计在今年达成协议。 16:24我很兴奋。 16:26 （掌声） 16:32世界野生动物基金会是我们的主要合作伙伴 16:37我希望他们得到了热烈的掌声 16:40他在不丹和世界各地的优秀作品。 16:45 （掌声） 16:49唷，它是在这里越来越热。

17:04谢谢你听我们的故事吧， 17:07我们坚持我们的承诺二氧化碳的零排放， 17:11我们照顾我们的原始环境中， 17:16对我们来说，为我们的孩子， 17:18为您的孩子和整个世界。 17:22但我们不是这里只是讲故事。 17:25我们在这里时间梦想， 17:28所以最终我将分享另一个梦想。 17:34如果我们调动我们的领导人和代理商什么， 17:37我们的影响力与激情 17:40重复该计划在不丹对于生活在其他国家， 17:43他们还到 17:46他们总是可以确保他们的保护区。 17:50这是，毕竟，许多国家有类似的问题。 17:53他们有资源，可以帮助您 17:56赢得全球争取可持续发展，

18:00但现在他们可以投资于他们。 18:03如果我们假设地球上的生命 18:06不丹的实施对于生活在世界上的全球基金？ 18:12我请你帮忙， 18:14移动这个梦想超越我们的边界， 18:17所有谁关心地球的未来。 18:22我们在这里这一切后，那个时候的梦想， 18:26合作 18:28应对气候变化，保护我们的地球， 18:32我真的 18:36在这个“重新在一起。 18:38我们中有些人可能会穿着不同， 18:41 but're在这一起。 18:44非常感谢 18:45和Kadrin chhe拉。谢谢。 18:47 （掌声） 18:49谢谢你，谢谢你，谢谢你。