Big Think2016.6.6---Parag Khanna :全球移民

Big Think2016.6.6---Parag Khanna :全球移民
Transcript - Global migration is a pervasive reality. We have more migrants than ever in history. We even have more migrants as a percentage of the world population just creeping up to about three plus percent of the world population are people who live outside of their country of origin. They’re ex pats, economic migrants, whatever you want to call them. And that’s three percent of a much larger world population than was the case in 1950, right. We’re approaching a world of seven-and-a-half, eight billion people more than three percent of whom are now migrants. So that’s nearly 300 million people who are living outside their country of origin who may be temporary. They may be permanent. I believe that this global migrant hoard if you will is always chasing the supply chain, always chasing jobs, always chasing a better life, always chasing good cities to live in. And in fact, most places in the world are reducing the barriers to entry for migrants. In 2015 Europe let in one million migrants, right, particularly political refugees from the Middle East. Now they’re talking about some limited migration controls from the Middle East and within their own territories across European borders.This is a very limited process because European countries are of course largely open to each other and generally very integrated. Their supply chains, their economies are very, very interdependent. But even if Europe were to impose very strict migration restrictions that does not tell us about the global picture. The same year, 2015, ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, which is ten countries and 700 million people which is greater than the population of Europe passed an ASEAN economic community and ratified a treaty to allow the free mobility of labor across its countries.
So even if in one year 600 million people in Europe decided they want to limit mobility the same year 700 million people in Asia decided they want to increase mobility. So only from a totally Eurocentric standpoint are walls going up and migration becomes more difficult. That’s not actually what is happening on a worldwide basis. In fact we’re going into a period that I describe as a great demographic dilution, even a genetic dilution. There is so much more intermingling of different ethnic populations happening around the world that there are very few countries left that you could even define as nation states. Traditionally we think of a nation state as a country where 85 or 90 percent of the population belongs to the same ethnic group.The number of nation states is declining because more and more countries are becoming more ethnically diverse. Even in Europe where the idea of the nation state really began in the Middle Ages and into the modern nation states of Western Europe today there you see a growing percentage of migrants and therefore those countries are no longer even nation states. So in fact, we have this genetic intermingling and we see this particularly in global cities that are melting pots. Places like Singapore or Hong Kong or Dubai or Toronto or London. Places where the foreign born percentage of the population, maybe 40 percent, 50 percent. In the case of Dubai even 85 or 90 percent of the residents actually don’t come from that place. And so we see literally mingling of ethnicities, mixed birth children and this mingling of populations that has never taken place before at this rapid rate. So yes, populism is a feature of our politics. There is a backlash against immigration to some degree in quite a few places. But the global picture is one of more mass migration and integration across societies.
抄本 - 全球移民是一个普遍的现实。我们比历史上前所未有的移民。我们甚至有更多的移民，成为全球人口的比例刚刚攀升约三加世界人口的百分之谁住他们的原籍国以外的人。他们是前拍，经济移民，无论你想打电话给他们。这是一个更大的世界人口比是这种情况在1950年，右的3％。我们在接近七和半的世界，其中八十亿人超过三成现在的移民。所以这是近300万人次谁住他们原来的国家以外谁可能是暂时的。它们可以是永久性的。我认为，这一全球性的农民囤积如果你总是追逐的供应链，总是追着工作，总是追逐更好的生活，总是追逐良好的城市居住。而事实上，在世界上大多数地方都降低了准入门槛移民。 2015年欧洲让一万移民，右，来自中东的特别政治难民。现在，由于欧洲国家当然要互相很大程度上开放，一般很集成他们谈论中东和整个欧洲borders.This自己的领土内的一些有限的移民管制是非常有限的过程。其供应链，它们的经济是非常，非常相互依赖。但是，即使是欧洲实行非常严格的限制，移民不告诉我们有关全球图景。同年，2015年，东盟，东南亚国家协会，这是十位的国家和700万人是大于欧洲的人口通过了东盟经济共同体，并批准了条约，让劳动力在其国家的自由流动。
因此，即使在一年6亿人在欧洲的决定，他们想限制流动同年7亿亚洲人民决定他们要增加流动性。所以只从一个完全以欧洲为中心的角度来看是墙壁上升和迁移变得更加困难。这实际上不是什么在全球范围内发生的事情。事实上，我们正在进入一个时期，我形容为一个伟大的人口稀释，甚至是遗传的稀释。有这么多不同种族的人群在世界各地发生的多混杂，有极少数国家离开了，你甚至可以定义为民族国家。传统上我们认为一个民族国家作为一个国家的人口的85％或90％属于，因为越来越多的国家正变得更加多样化的种族民族国家的同一民族group.The数量在下降。即使在欧洲，民族国家的理念真正开始于中世纪，进入西欧的现代民族国家今天也看到移民的比例越来越高，因此，这些国家甚至不再民族国家。所以实际上，我们有这个遗传交织，我们认为这特别是那些大熔炉全球城市。的地方，如新加坡或香港或迪拜或者多伦多和伦敦。地方人口的外国出生比例，可能40％，50％。在迪拜的情况下，即使是85％或90％居民其实并不来自那个地方。因此，我们看到从字面上民族交融，混合生育孩子，这交融从未在这个快的速度前发生的人群中。所以，是的，民粹主义是我们的政治的一个特点。有一个在很多地方对移民的反弹在一定程度上。但全球的情况是整个社会的更大规模的移民和集成商之一。