TopTenz2023.5.4---今天生活的 10 個出乎意料的奇怪動物祖先

Q:10個最奇怪的動物祖先.有哪些
Chat YouTube:
1. 短頸長角鹿
2. 虎蚁和螞蟻的相似之處
3. 有四條腿的魚和它的肉質鰭的演化
4. 海爬蟲
5. 有翅膀的蛇
6. 有翅膀的恐龍
7. 碩大無比的水獺
8. 有觸手的魷魚
9. 能在水中飛行的昆蟲
10. 所有動物的雙側對稱祖先 - 阿卡麗瓦里蒂亞

0:00 we all know about woolly mammoths and 0:01 Sabretooth cats but such is evolution 0:03 that all species have some pretty weird 0:05 ancestors often they look nothing alike 0:07 from the least unexpected of the most 0:08 here are ten of the weirdest of all 0:13 number 10. the short neck giraffe the 0:16 giraffe's prehistoric forebear is 0:18 roughly the size of a bull moose 0:19 complete with similarly large antlers so 0:21 ethereum along with Brahm ethereum and 0:23 others had a long neck to graze on 0:25 Treetops in Eurasia millions of years 0:27 ago but only about half as long as the 0:29 present-day giraffes nevertheless it's 0:30 thought to have been the largest 0:32 ruminant hoofed grazing animal that has 0:34 ever existed interestingly although the 0:36 fossil evidence dates it to millions of 0:38 years ago it may have survived much 0:39 later not only to cave paintings depict 0:42 the animal but a copper rain ring found 0:43 by archaeologists Excavating the ancient 0:45 Mesopotamian city of Kish also appears 0:48 to feature a detailed image of a 0:49 sivatherium 9. the vestidand ants may be 0:53 the most successful animal on earth 0:54 comprising up to a quarter of the 0:56 biomass in tropical regions and a fifth 0:58 of the biomass in general the unfamily 0:59 former Sidi is proliferated into more 1:01 than 9500 species known to science and 1:04 an estimated three thousand to nine 1:05 thousand species yet to be described 1:07 they've also existed for millions of 1:09 years and continued to live in 1:10 harmonious symbiosis with their planet 1:12 however little is known about how they 1:14 originated the earliest fossil evidence 1:16 is from the mid Cretaceous just a 1:18 hundred million years ago or when their 1:19 planetary Dominion was still in its 1:21 fledgling stages and there are few Clues 1:23 as to what came before instead our best 1:25 theories come from comparing ants to 1:27 species living today their hive like 1:29 colonies for example bear similarities 1:31 to those of wasps and bees especially 1:33 given that all generally Center on a 1:35 single mother the queen but there's one 1:37 species of wasp to which researchers 1:39 think the ant is most closely related 1:41 the mud dauber female mud dorbers are 1:44 known to house their eggs in carefully 1:46 built mud cylinders when they find a 1:48 victim they paralyze it and seal it 1:49 inside the nest with their eggs so that 1:51 when they hatch the larvae will have 1:53 something to feed on it's all the 1:54 original Proto and started out the same 1:56 way building simple nests and delivering 1:58 food to their offspring then when The 2:00 Offspring grew up it may have helped the 2:02 mother raise more number eight the 2:04 four-legged fish it might not be such a 2:06 stretch to imagine that frogs evolve 2:07 from fishes but the intermediate 2:09 creatures did look pretty bizarre ixio 2:11 stego was one of the first living as 2:12 long as 364 million years ago it was in 2:15 many ways a fish had had scales 2:16 vestigial Gill bones and a dorsal fin 2:19 along the length of its tail but 2:20 ixostego which grew to three feet also 2:23 had four fleshy limbs each with digits 2:25 as well as strong ribs for dwelling on 2:26 land unlike fish it also had lungs 2:28 obviously these traits emerged slowly 2:30 most of them developed while the boar 2:32 bears were still living fully aquatic 2:34 lives the limbs for example gradually 2:35 evolved from lobe fins which looked like 2:38 and served as fleshy paddles the lungs 2:40 also probably evolved underwater 7. Adam 2:43 and Eve the worm despite our differences 2:45 what all animals except sponges and 2:47 jellyfish have in common is a 2:48 bilaterally symmetrical body mirrored 2:51 left and right along with the front side 2:52 with a mouth and a backside with an anus 2:55 we are the bilaterians and scientists 2:57 think the earliest ancestor to all of us 3:00 was a sluggish blob about the size of a 3:02 grain of rice called acaria wariutia 3:04 discovered in the Australian Outback 3:06 from fossilized burrowing traces it 3:08 stated to the edakarian period 560 to 3:11 551 million years ago it differs from 3:13 other possible candidates such as the 3:15 dickinsonia by its possession of a mouth 3:17 and gut this then is the ancestor of all 3:19 of the creatures on this list as well as 3:22 the creatures watching this video number 3:24 6 the horned horse the prehistoric 3:26 bronze theories had a special place in 3:28 Sue mythology known from its fossilized 3:31 bones it was called the Thunder horse 3:32 and it was said to come down in storms 3:34 and trample on the Buffalo true or not 3:36 it was indeed a fierce Beast the largest 3:38 mammal in the whole of North America 3:39 during the ear scene one species for 3:42 example the eight foot tall 15-foot long 3:44 Mega syrups had a pair of long horns 3:47 which are probably used for head butting 3:48 endotherium meanwhile had just one horn 3:50 like a battering ram containing its 3:52 nasal bones it's thought it may have 3:54 been used to make loud vocalizations 3:55 across long distances all bronzer 3:58 theories were extinct by the end of the 4:00 ear scene but their relatives today 4:01 include rhinos to piers and horses in 4:04 fact aside from the horns and their 4:05 common depiction as rhino-like they may 4:07 have looked quite similar to horses at 4:09 least in the head on account of their 4:10 elongated skulls 5. the meat-eating 4:13 ground sloth the so-called great beast 4:15 from America megatherium Americana 4:18 looked similar to the sloths of today 4:20 except 10 times the size weighing 4:21 roughly the same as a bull elephant it 4:23 stood up to 12 feet tall on its hind 4:25 legs needless to say it lived on the 4:27 ground and not in the trees unlike 4:28 present-day sloth's ground sloths ate 4:30 meat in addition to plants to support 4:31 their great size but they probably 4:33 scavened from kills made by Big Cats 4:35 wolves and so on rather than hunting for 4:37 themselves they were still roaming the 4:38 Pampers of Argentina and elsewhere in 4:40 South America as late as the Holocene 8 4:42 000 years ago living with early humans 4:44 in fact humans are thought to have 4:46 hunted ground sloths to Extinction 4:47 although some think they survived to 4:49 this day 4. the Towering hornless Rhino 4:51 you may have heard of the Wooly 4:53 rhinoceros which went extinct around 12 4:55 000 years ago they were a common subject 4:56 of cave paintings as the name suggests 4:58 they all had woolly coats and curiously 5:00 a one species of woolly Rhino had two 5:02 horns instead of one but they were 5:04 nothing compared to the mighty 5:06 paraceratherium over 26 feet long the 5:09 Rhino's ancestor from 35 to 20 million 5:11 years ago was 2 tall with a long 5:13 brontosaurus-like neck it weighed as 5:15 much as five adult elephants 15 to 30 5:17 tons and weirdest of all perhaps for the 5:19 Rhino's distant forebear it had no horns 5:22 at all it's thought that elephants 5:23 destroyed its habitat by stripping and 5:24 felling trees driving the giant to 5:26 Extinction but there's still much we 5:28 don't know about this dino-like mammal 5:29 for example we still haven't even pieced 5:31 together a full version of its skeleton 5:33 number three the giant beaver imagine a 5:35 beaver taller than a human weighing 200 5:37 pounds with six inch incisors and well 5:40 then you've got the genus castoroides 5:42 this Shaggy head giant beavered away in 5:45 North American Woodlands from three 5:46 million to ten thousand years ago when 5:48 it's thought to have been hunted to 5:49 extinction by humans it's likely that 5:51 both their meat and fur was in demand 5:53 like the present-day Beaver castoroides 5:55 had large gnawing teeth and lived on 5:57 Plants it was also partially aquatic 5:59 probably because it was an easy mark on 6:01 land for Predators like the Sabertooth 6:03 tiger as to whether it built giant dams 6:05 though it's not entirely clear no 6:06 evidence remains except possibly a 6:08 forefoot high one in Ohio number two the 6:10 Ferocious Pangolin the dominant 6:12 carnivore mammals 55 to 35 million years 6:14 ago were the creodons relatives of the 6:17 present-day Pangolin what makes all of 6:19 this more interesting for such a 6:20 timid-teaming creature is that kriadanta 6:22 means meat teeth and the Pangolin 6:25 doesn't have any teeth instead they 6:27 gather up insects with their tongues 6:28 earning the nickname scaly and eat her 6:31 despite not being related at all so what 6:33 were the phylogenetic ancestors of the 6:35 Pangolin like of the roughly 30 species 6:37 perhaps the most impressive are the 6:39 high-end donatids named for their 6:41 hyena-like teeth adapted for shearing 6:43 flesh as opposed to clamping down these 6:45 species were hunting in packs like 6:47 wolves usually at night some of the 6:49 larger ones like the 4.5 foot tall 10 6:51 foot long thousand hundred pound Hyundai 6:54 and gigas may have hunted alone in the 6:56 day though 1. the land-based whale outer 6:59 mammals end up in the sea Wales dolphin 7:01 seals walruses and so on all descend 7:03 from species that once roam the land the 7:05 pinnipedes for example seals will 7:06 resistant sea lions are thought to 7:08 evolve from primitive Bears just like 7:10 their land lover cousins the weasels 7:12 otters and skunks the sirenians or sea 7:14 cows meanwhile appear to be related to 7:16 elephants as well as that most unlikely 7:18 of elephant relatives the hyrax the most 7:21 iconic group of ocean dwelling mammals 7:22 however the cetaceans whales Dolphins 7:25 porpoises narwhals descend from 7:27 something unrecognizable a creature that 7:29 ran like a wolf waded like a 7:30 hippopotamus but its ear to the ground 7:32 to hear distant rumbles and had the 7:34 ankles of a cow pekasitas had the body 7:36 of a land mammal but the distinctive 7:38 long skull of a whale preying on animals 7:40 both on land and in water it lived 7:42 around the edges of the shallowed tethy 7:44 sea 50 million years ago 7:47 foreign