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Newsy2011.3.22---治療腦疾病新技術
New Technique for Treating Brain Disease
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A new drug delivery technique is showing promise for getting drugs directly into the brain. It's possible this technique could solve one of the longstanding problems in treating brain diseases like Parkinson's or Alzheimer's. An Oxford University press release explains.
"The team has successfully switched off a gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease in the brains of mice by exploiting exosomes -- tiny particles naturally released by cells. The exosomes, injected into the blood, are able to ferry a drug across the normally impermeable blood-brain barrier to the brain where it is needed."
The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from bacteria or harmful molecules circulating in the blood, but it also blocks most drugs. As Health Canal explains, getting past the barrier is a huge challenge.
"Novel drugs based on antibodies, peptides or more recently RNA molecules have been developed on many occasions... While these have shown good results in the lab, too often it has proved difficult to get the drugs to the right part of the body to see any effect in humans. Currently, delivering any such type of therapy to the brain would have to involve neurosurgery."
The new technique effectively disguises the drug to slip it past the barrier.
The researchers harvested exosomes from the mouse, then attached a special targeting protein: the same protein the rabies virus uses to find nerve cells. Then they loaded the exosomes with the drug and injected them back into the mouse. (Image source: Nature Biolotechnology)
They found that the drug, designed to inhibit a gene responsible for plaque in the brains of Alzheimer's patients , managed to decrease that gene's activity by 60 percent. And while it's exciting to finally treat the brain, one researcher told the BBC the technique could target anything.
"The research group believes that the method could [be] modified to treat other conditions and other parts of the body. Dr Wood said: 'We are working on sending exosomes to muscle, but you can envisage targeting any tissue. It can also be made specific by changing the drug used.'"
The technique might also lead to safer delivery of drugs overall. The researchers found the cloaked drugs were invisible to the liver and kidneys. That means they could target the brain while leaving other organs alone.
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Transcript by Newsy
新技術用於治療腦疾病
你看多源科技新聞分析Newsy
一種新的藥物輸送技術嶄露頭角獲取藥物直接進入大腦。這是可能的這種技術可以解決長期存在的問題之一，在治療腦疾病，如帕金森氏症或老年癡呆症。牛津大學的新聞公報說。
“球隊已經成功地關閉一個基因牽連的阿爾茨海默氏症的老鼠的大腦中通過利用外來 - 微小顆粒自然釋放細胞。外來體，注射到血液中，都能夠在整個渡輪的藥物通常防滲血腦屏障向大腦需要的地方。“
血腦屏障保護大腦有害的細菌或分子在血液中循環，但它也能阻止大多數藥物。由於健康運河解釋說，要過障礙是一個巨大的挑戰。
“小說基於抗體藥物，多肽或RNA分子最近已開發 ...雖然在許多場合這些都顯示了良好的結果在實驗室中，往往因而很難得到正確的藥物對身體的一部分在人類身上看到任何效果。目前，提供任何類型的治療到大腦會涉及神經外科。“
這項新技術有效地掩蓋了它的藥物滑過去的障礙。
研究人員從小鼠收穫外來體，然後附加一個特殊的靶向蛋白：相同的蛋白質狂犬病毒用它來查找的神經細胞。然後，他們裝了外來的藥物和注射它們放回鼠標。 （圖片來源：自然Biolotechnology）
他們發現這種藥物，用來抑制一個基因負責的大腦斑塊阿爾茨海默氏症的患者，成功地降低該基因的活性的百分之六十。雖然它的精彩，最終治療腦，一研究員告訴英國廣播公司的技術可以針對任何事情。
“該研究小組認為，該方法可以[是]修改為治療其他條件和身體的其他部位。伍德醫生說：'我們正在研究派遣外來肌肉，但你可以預見針對任何組織。它也可以提出了具體通過改變用藥。“
該技術也可能導致安全運送毒品的整體。研究人員發現，毒品是看不見的隱形到肝臟和腎臟。這意味著他們可以針對腦等器官而獨自留下。
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