Big Think2014.4.14---Andreas Schleicher :21世紀技能教育

Big Think2014.4.14---Andreas Schleicher :21世紀技能教育
Educating for the 21st Century
發佈時間：2014年4月14日
OECD's Andreas Schleicher discusses how education can help students meet the challenges of today. Schleicher is the Acting Director for the Directorate of Education and Skills and Special Advisor on Education Policy to the Secretary-General at OECD.
Trancript -- There is a rapid rise in the demand for new skills. In fact, we see that at the individual levels and we see this at aggregate levels. There's a growing gap between employment and labor market prospects of people who are highly skilled and people at the low end of the skill spectrum. Skills determine more and more how the benefits of economic growth are shared in societies. The success of companies today depends on nothing more than on the talent pool which they recruit. Seventy percent of productivity gains have been driven by improvements in the skill base. So there is a dramatically rising demand for better skilled people.
At the very same time we also see that in some countries there are many graduates unemployed on the street, while employers say they cannot find the people with the skills they need. So there is an emerging mismatch between the kind of talent that is being developed and the talent that is really needed. In fact, one of the things that our data shows is that some of the skills that are easiest to teach and easiest to test are also the kind of skills that are easiest to digitize, automate, and outsource. So that's a big challenge for the education industry today to think about "What are the kind of twenty-first century skills that will enable people?"
In the past you could assume, as a teacher, you would teach someone for their lifetime what you learn is school is going to last for many, many years. Today that's no longer the case. Today we need to educate people for jobs that have not been created, to use technologies that haven't been invented, to solve social and economic problems that we don't have any idea are gonna arise. This is the fundamental challenge for education. And that requires a very different caliber of teachers. Teachers who are not just reproducing educating the reproduction of subject matter content but to help young people to extrapolate from what they know, to use and apply their knowledge in novel situations. In a nutshell, the world economy no longer pays you for what you know. Google knows everything.
The world economy pays you for what you can do with what you know and that requires a very different caliber of teachers and a very different pedagogy -- twenty-first century pedagogy -- a very different relationship between teachers and students. Technology is part of this. Today it's hard to explain why you should accept the teacher next door if you can't have access to the world's best knowledge anywhere. We're seeing an unbundling of educational content, educational delivery and accreditation with people anywhere drawing on the world's best knowledge at any time.
We are seeing governments putting greater emphasis on evaluating outcomes, on quality assurance, on setting standards. And the business sector actually being a lot more engaged in helping educational systems figure out where is labor demand evolving. What are the kind of skills that will be at a premium tomorrow. The business sector is playing a very important role as an education provider, engaging actively in the design and delivery of instructional systems, providing educational and learning opportunities for people in many, many contexts. At least we're seeing this in some countries. In others it's still a big challenge.
经合组织的安德烈亚斯·施莱歇讨论如何教育可以帮助学生应对当今的挑战。施莱歇尔是署理署长及教育的首长和技能，并特别顾问在教育政策向秘书长经合组织。
Trancript - 有一个迅速崛起的新技能的需求。事实上，我们看到，在个人层面，我们认为这在总的水平。有就业和人谁是高技能和人的技能频谱的低端劳动力市场前景的差距越来越大。技能确定越来越多的经济是如何增长的好处的社会共享。今天企业的成功取决于什么比它们所招聘的人才库。生产率收益的百分之七十都被赶了改进的技术基础。因此，有更好的技术的人，一个显着不断增长的需求。
在同样的时间，我们也看到，在一些国家也有很多失业的大学毕业生在街上，而雇主说，他们找不到人，他们所需要的技能。因此，有正在开发什么样的人才，真正需要的人才之间的一个新兴的不匹配。事实上，我们的数据表明的事情之一是，一些是最容易教，最简单的测试技能，也即是最简单的数字化，自动化和外包样的技能。所以这是一个很大的挑战为教育行业的今天思考“什么是什么样的二十一世纪技能，使人们？ ”
在过去，你可能会认为，作为一名教师，你会教别人对他们的一生你了解什么是学校要持续很多​​，很多年。如今这已不再是如此。今天我们需要教育人们对于尚未创建的作业，使用还没有被发明出来的技术，来解决我们没有任何想法是要去产生的社会和经济问题。这是教育的根本挑战。这需要一个非常不同口径的教师。老师谁不只是重现教育题材内容的再现，而是帮助青少年从他们所知道的推断，使用和在新环境学以致用。概括地说，世界经济不再支付你什么你知道。谷歌知道的一切。
世界经济支付你可以与你所知道做什么，而这需要一个非常不同的优秀教师和一个非常不同的教学法 - 二十一世纪教学 - 教师和学生之间有一个非常不同的关系。技术是其中的一部分。今天，它很难解释为什么你应该接受老师的隔壁，如果你不能访问全球所知的任何地方。我们看到的教育内容，教育提供和认可的分拆与人在任何地方任何时间在世界上最好的认识来。
我们看到政府把对评价结果更加强调，质量保证，在制定标准。和商业部门实际上被很多更多地参与帮助教育系统揣摩出的劳动力的需求不断变化。什么样的技能，明天将是十分宝贵的。工商部门正在发挥作为教育提供了非常重要的作用，在设计和提供教学系统的积极参与，为人民的教育和学习的机会很多，很多情况下。至少我们看到这样一些国家。在其他情况下它仍然是一个很大的挑战。